Old Testament Prophecy circa 760-750 BC
Introduction

About Amos

God is not impressed by elaborate worship while injustice flourishes - true religion requires justice rolling down like water and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.

Social JusticeRighteousnessJudgmentRestoration

Written

circa 760-750 BC

Author

Amos

Genre

Prophecy

Position

30th of 66 books - Minor Prophets

Authorship

Amos was a shepherd and fig farmer from Tekoa in Judah - not a professional prophet. He was called by God to prophesy specifically to the northern kingdom of Israel during the prosperous reign of Jeroboam II.

Historical Context

Israel under Jeroboam II (793-753 BC) experienced its greatest material prosperity since Solomon's reign, but beneath the surface prosperity lay extreme social injustice, corruption of courts, and religious formalism.

Purpose

To demolish the comfortable assumption that ritual worship can substitute for social justice - and to announce God's judgment on Israel's treatment of the poor and vulnerable.

Key Message

God is not impressed by elaborate worship while injustice flourishes - true religion requires justice rolling down like water and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.

Book Structure

1
Oracles against the Nations and Israel Ch. 1-2
2
Sermons Confronting Israel's Sins Ch. 3-6
3
Five Visions of Judgment and Final Hope Ch. 7-9

Interesting Facts

1

Amos is the only prophet who explicitly denies being a professional prophet: I am not a prophet, nor a son of a prophet (7:14).

2

Amos 5:24 - Let justice roll down like water - was Martin Luther King Jr.'s most quoted Scripture in his civil rights speeches.

3

The Day of the LORD which Israel eagerly anticipated is described by Amos as darkness, not light - a complete reversal of expectations.

Old Testament Connections

Leviticus 19 - Amos's social justice concerns directly echo Leviticus's laws protecting the poor and vulnerable
Deuteronomy 28 - The covenant curses Amos announces are exactly those Moses warned of

New Testament Connections

Acts 15:16-17 - James quotes Amos 9:11-12 at the Jerusalem Council to support Gentile inclusion
James 2:1-7 - James's warnings against favoritism to the rich echo Amos's social justice themes