Old Testament Narrative / Apocalyptic circa 605-530 BC
Introduction

About Daniel

The Most High God rules in the kingdoms of men - every earthly empire is temporary, but God's kingdom, inaugurated by the Son of Man, will be eternal and universal.

FaithfulnessProphecyGod's KingdomDivine Protection

Written

circa 605-530 BC

Author

Daniel

Genre

Narrative / Apocalyptic

Position

27th of 66 books - Major Prophets (in Christian canon) / Writings (in Hebrew canon)

Authorship

Daniel himself, an Israelite exile taken to Babylon in 605 BC and trained in the Babylonian royal court. He served through the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Darius the Mede, and Cyrus the Great - a 70-year career of remarkable faithfulness.

Historical Context

Set in the Babylonian and early Persian court (c. 605-530 BC). Daniel navigated the highest levels of pagan imperial government while maintaining unwavering covenant fidelity. His visions span from his own time to the end of history.

Purpose

To assure God's people living under pagan imperial power that God is sovereign over all kingdoms - the most powerful empires rise and fall at his command - and that his kingdom will ultimately prevail.

Key Message

The Most High God rules in the kingdoms of men - every earthly empire is temporary, but God's kingdom, inaugurated by the Son of Man, will be eternal and universal.

Book Structure

1
Daniel's Faithfulness in the Babylonian Court Ch. 1-6
2
Daniel's Apocalyptic Visions of World History Ch. 7-12

Interesting Facts

1

Jesus's most important self-designation - Son of Man - comes from Daniel 7:13-14, where the Son of Man receives eternal dominion.

2

Daniel 9's 70 weeks prophecy has been the most calculated prophetic timetable in history.

3

Chapters 2-7 are written in Aramaic (not Hebrew) - possibly to address the broader Gentile world.

4

Daniel and his three friends' refusal to eat the king's food, worship the statue, or stop praying are three distinct tests of conscience.

Old Testament Connections

Jeremiah 25:11-12 - Daniel references Jeremiah's 70-year prediction while praying in Daniel 9
Isaiah 44-45 - God's sovereignty over empires proclaimed in Isaiah is demonstrated narratively in Daniel
Ezekiel 28 - The prince of Tyre oracle uses imagery similar to Daniel's angelic conflicts

New Testament Connections

Matthew 24:15 - Jesus refers to Daniel's abomination of desolation as a future sign
Matthew 26:64 - Jesus quotes Daniel 7:13 directly at his trial before the Sanhedrin
Revelation - Draws extensively from Daniel's imagery: beasts, the Ancient of Days, the little horn, the final kingdom