Old Testament Law / Sermon / Torah circa 1406 BC
Introduction

About Deuteronomy

Love God completely, teach his commands to your children, and choose life - the covenant blessings of obedience far outweigh the curses of rebellion.

LawCovenantObedienceBlessing

Written

circa 1406 BC

Author

Moses

Genre

Law / Sermon / Torah

Position

5th of 66 books - Final book of Torah/Pentateuch

Authorship

Written by Moses in the final weeks of his life on the plains of Moab (Deut 31:9, 24). Deuteronomy is Moses's farewell address and final charge to the second generation before they entered Canaan without him.

Historical Context

Set entirely on the plains of Moab just before Moses's death and Israel's entry into Canaan. The speeches address those who did not witness Sinai firsthand, renewing the covenant for a new generation facing entirely new challenges in a settled land.

Purpose

To renew the Sinai covenant with the new generation, calling them to wholehearted love for God (the Shema) and faithful obedience as they enter and inhabit the Promised Land.

Key Message

Love God completely, teach his commands to your children, and choose life - the covenant blessings of obedience far outweigh the curses of rebellion.

Book Structure

1
Moses's First Address: Historical Prologue Ch. 1-4
2
Moses's Second Address: The Law Reviewed Ch. 5-26
3
Blessings, Curses, and Covenant Renewal Ch. 27-30
4
Moses's Final Days and Death Ch. 31-34

Interesting Facts

1

Deuteronomy 6:4-5 (the Shema) is the most sacred daily confession in Judaism for over 3,000 years.

2

Jesus quoted Deuteronomy three times to counter Satan's temptations in the wilderness (Matthew 4).

3

Deuteronomy is the most quoted OT book in the New Testament, appearing over 80 times.

4

The book's structure closely resembles ancient Hittite suzerainty treaties from the same period.

5

Moses's death on Mount Nebo is unique - God himself buried him in a location no one has ever found (Deut 34:6).

Old Testament Connections

Joshua 1 - God commands Joshua to meditate on this Book of the Law - referring to Deuteronomy
2 Kings 22-23 - The Book of the Law found in the temple triggers Josiah's massive national reformation
Jeremiah 11 - Jeremiah preaches from Deuteronomic covenant categories of blessings and curses

New Testament Connections

Matthew 4:1-11 - Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 8:3, 6:16, and 6:13 against each of Satan's three temptations
Matthew 22:37 - Jesus cites the Shema (Deut 6:5) as the greatest commandment
Acts 3:22-23 - Peter quotes Deuteronomy 18:15 to identify Jesus as the prophet like Moses