Old Testament Prophecy / Poetry circa 740-681 BC
Introduction

About Isaiah

The LORD alone is God, the Holy One of Israel, who judges sin and redeems his people through a suffering Servant who bears the sins of the many.

ProphecyMessiahSalvationJudgment

Written

circa 740-681 BC

Author

Isaiah

Genre

Prophecy / Poetry

Position

23rd of 66 books - Major Prophets

Authorship

Isaiah son of Amoz, a Jerusalem prophet of the 8th century BC (Isaiah 1:1). He ministered through the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. Ancient manuscripts and NT citations consistently treat the book as a unified work from Isaiah.

Historical Context

Isaiah prophesied during the Assyrian crisis (the northern kingdom fell to Assyria in 722 BC, and Sennacherib threatened Jerusalem in 701 BC). The first half addresses 8th-century Judah's apostasy; the second half (ch. 40-66) addresses future exiles in Babylon with consolation and messianic hope.

Purpose

To call Judah to repentance, announce God's judgment on nations, and ultimately reveal the coming Servant-King who will bring global redemption - making Isaiah the most Christologically rich book in the OT.

Key Message

The LORD alone is God, the Holy One of Israel, who judges sin and redeems his people through a suffering Servant who bears the sins of the many.

Book Structure

1
Book of Judgment: Oracles against Judah and Nations Ch. 1-39
2
Book of Consolation: Comfort for the Exiles Ch. 40-55
3
Book of Restoration: The New Creation Ch. 56-66

Interesting Facts

1

Isaiah 53 (the Suffering Servant) is the most quoted OT passage in the NT - describing the crucifixion of Christ 700 years before it happened.

2

Isaiah 7:14 - A virgin shall conceive and bear a son, Immanuel - is one of the most celebrated prophecies in the Bible.

3

A complete scroll of Isaiah was discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947 - dated to about 100 BC - demonstrating remarkable textual preservation.

4

Isaiah 40:3 - A voice crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the LORD - is quoted by all four gospels as fulfilled by John the Baptist.

5

Isaiah is often called the fifth gospel because of its dense messianic content.

Old Testament Connections

Micah 5:2 - Contemporaneous prophecy of the Messiah's birth in Bethlehem complements Isaiah's Servant Songs
Deuteronomy 28 - Isaiah's covenant curse language draws heavily on Deuteronomy's blessings and curses
Genesis 1 - Isaiah 65-66's new creation vision directly echoes and fulfills Genesis 1

New Testament Connections

Matthew 1:23 - The virgin birth fulfills Isaiah 7:14
Luke 4:18-19 - Jesus reads Isaiah 61:1-2 in Nazareth and declares it fulfilled in him
Acts 8:32-35 - The Ethiopian eunuch reading Isaiah 53 becomes a convert when Philip explains it as Jesus
Romans 10:16, 15:12 - Paul quotes Isaiah repeatedly to support his Gentile mission