Old Testament Prophecy / Lament circa 627-586 BC
Introduction

About Jeremiah

God's word is true even when no one believes it - judgment is real, but beyond judgment lies a new covenant that will transform human hearts from the inside out.

JudgmentRepentanceNew CovenantHope

Written

circa 627-586 BC

Author

Jeremiah

Genre

Prophecy / Lament

Position

24th of 66 books - Major Prophets (longest prophetic book)

Authorship

Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, a priest from Anathoth who ministered for over 40 years from Josiah to the Babylonian exile. His secretary Baruch (ch. 36, 45) helped compile and preserve his prophecies.

Historical Context

Jeremiah prophesied during the final years of Judah (c. 627-586 BC): Josiah's great reformation, the rise of Babylon, Jehoiakim's apostasy, Zedekiah's rebellion, and ultimately Jerusalem's destruction in 586 BC.

Purpose

To warn Judah that Babylon was God's instrument of judgment for their persistent apostasy, to call for submission rather than resistance, and to promise a new covenant written on the heart.

Key Message

God's word is true even when no one believes it - judgment is real, but beyond judgment lies a new covenant that will transform human hearts from the inside out.

Book Structure

1
Jeremiah's Call and Early Ministry under Josiah Ch. 1-6
2
Temple Sermon and Covenant Lawsuit Ch. 7-20
3
The Coming Judgment and Jeremiah's Suffering Ch. 21-33
4
The New Covenant Promise Ch. 31-34
5
Jerusalem's Fall and Aftermath Ch. 34-52

Interesting Facts

1

Jeremiah 31:31-34 - The promise of the New Covenant is one of the most theologically important passages in the OT, quoted directly in Hebrews 8.

2

Jeremiah was thrown into a cistern (ch. 38), imprisoned, had his scroll burned (ch. 36), and was taken to Egypt against his will - yet continued to prophesy.

3

Jeremiah wept over Jerusalem's destruction with such intensity he is called the weeping prophet.

4

Jeremiah's letter to the exiles (ch. 29:7) - Seek the welfare of the city where I have sent you - is the foundation of common grace theology.

Old Testament Connections

Deuteronomy 28-30 - The covenant curses Jeremiah announces are exactly those Moses warned about
2 Kings 22-25 - Jeremiah's narrative parallels and interprets the political events described in Kings
Isaiah 40 - Jeremiah alludes to Isaiah's comfort passages while announcing judgment

New Testament Connections

Hebrews 8:8-12 - The New Covenant promise of Jeremiah 31 is quoted as fulfilled in Christ
Luke 22:20 - Jesus declares the cup at the Last Supper as the new covenant in my blood - fulfilling Jeremiah 31
Matthew 2:18 - Rachel weeping for her children (Jer 31:15) is applied to Herod's massacre of the innocents