Old Testament Law / Torah circa 1446-1406 BC
Introduction

About Leviticus

Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy (19:2) - every law in Leviticus flows from this single divine imperative.

HolinessSacrificeWorshipPurity

Written

circa 1446-1406 BC

Author

Moses

Genre

Law / Torah

Position

3rd of 66 books - Torah/Pentateuch

Authorship

Written by Moses at Sinai, Leviticus is the most priestly of the five books of Moses. The content was revealed to Moses during the year Israel camped at Sinai after the tabernacle was erected.

Historical Context

Leviticus is entirely set at Sinai immediately after the tabernacle's completion. A newly liberated slave nation needed comprehensive instruction in holiness - how to approach a holy God, maintain covenant purity, and structure communal life in a culture with entirely different values.

Purpose

To instruct Israel how to live as a holy people in God's presence, covering sacrifice, priesthood, purity laws, the Day of Atonement, and the holiness code - all teaching that a holy God requires holy people.

Key Message

Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy (19:2) - every law in Leviticus flows from this single divine imperative.

Book Structure

1
The Sacrificial System Ch. 1-7
2
The Consecration of the Priesthood Ch. 8-10
3
Laws of Purity and Cleanness Ch. 11-15
4
The Day of Atonement Ch. 16
5
The Holiness Code Ch. 17-27

Interesting Facts

1

Leviticus 19 contains more commandments than any other single chapter in the Bible.

2

The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) described in Leviticus 16 remains the holiest day on the Jewish calendar.

3

The concept of the scapegoat originates here - one goat sacrificed, another symbolically carrying away sin.

4

Leviticus 19:18 - Love your neighbor as yourself - cited by Jesus as the second greatest commandment.

5

The Year of Jubilee every 50 years cancelled debts and returned land - a radical social-justice mechanism.

6

Hebrews in the NT references Leviticus more than any other OT book.

Old Testament Connections

Numbers 15 - Further sacrificial and purity laws build directly on Leviticus
Ezekiel 40-48 - Ezekiel's vision of the restored temple echoes Levitical priestly codes
Isaiah 53 - The Suffering Servant passage is saturated with Levitical substitutionary atonement language

New Testament Connections

Hebrews 7-10 - The entire argument of Hebrews interprets Levitical priesthood and sacrifice through Christ
Romans 3:25 - Christ as propitiation echoes the mercy seat (kapporet) of Leviticus 16
1 Peter 1:16 - Be holy, for I am holy directly quotes Leviticus 11:44