New Testament Gospel / Biography / Narrative circa AD 50-90
Introduction

About Matthew

Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the Living God - the promised Messiah who fulfills the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms, and whose kingdom is now breaking into history.

MessiahKingdomFulfillmentDiscipleship

Written

circa AD 50-90

Author

Matthew

Genre

Gospel / Biography / Narrative

Position

1st NT book - First of the Four Gospels

Authorship

Matthew (Levi), a tax collector who became one of the Twelve Apostles (Matt 9:9, 10:3). Early church fathers (Papias, Irenaeus) consistently attributed this Gospel to Matthew.

Historical Context

Written primarily for a Jewish-Christian audience, possibly in Antioch of Syria, during a period when Jewish Christians were navigating their relationship with the synagogue and understanding Jesus as the fulfillment of their Scriptures.

Purpose

To demonstrate that Jesus of Nazareth is the fulfillment of every strand of OT promise - the new Moses, the Son of David, the Suffering Servant.

Key Message

Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the Living God - the promised Messiah who fulfills the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms, and whose kingdom is now breaking into history.

Book Structure

1
Birth and Preparation of the King Ch. 1-4
2
The Sermon on the Mount and Kingdom Teaching Ch. 5-7
3
Miracles and Growing Opposition Ch. 8-12
4
Kingdom Parables and Discipleship Ch. 13-20
5
Jerusalem, the Passion, and Resurrection Ch. 21-28

Interesting Facts

1

Matthew uses kingdom of heaven (rather than kingdom of God) 32 times - possibly out of Jewish reverence for the divine name.

2

Matthew contains five major teaching discourses (chs. 5-7, 10, 13, 18, 24-25), possibly mirroring the five books of Moses.

3

Matthew 1's genealogy includes four women - Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba - foreshadowing the scandalous grace of the gospel.

4

The Great Commission (Matt 28:18-20) has shaped Christian missions for 2,000 years.

5

Matthew uses fulfillment formulas 14 times - this was done to fulfill what was spoken through the prophet - more than any other Gospel.

Old Testament Connections

Isaiah 53 - The Servant's suffering is applied to Jesus's healing ministry (Matt 8:17)
Micah 5:2 - Bethlehem as the birthplace of the Messiah is quoted by the chief priests in Matt 2:6
Psalm 22 - Jesus's words from the cross echo this psalm directly

New Testament Connections

Hebrews 1 - Jesus as the Son far superior to angels echoes Matthew's Son of God Christology
Revelation 21:14 - The twelve foundations of New Jerusalem echo Matthew's twelve apostles