Old Testament Prophecy circa 740-700 BC
Introduction

About Micah

God has told you what is good: do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly with your God - no amount of religious performance substitutes for this.

JusticeMercyBethlehemRequirements

Written

circa 740-700 BC

Author

Micah

Genre

Prophecy

Position

33rd of 66 books - Minor Prophets

Authorship

Micah of Moresheth - a small town in the Judean foothills (Shephelah). He was a rural prophet contemporary with Isaiah in Jerusalem, bringing a country perspective to the Assyrian threat.

Historical Context

Micah prophesied during the same period as Isaiah (c. 740-700 BC), addressing both the northern kingdom before its fall (722 BC) and Judah under Hezekiah. His rural background gave him special sensitivity to how the powerful exploited the poor.

Purpose

To call leaders, priests, and prophets to account for their exploitation of the poor, to announce judgment on both capitals (Samaria and Jerusalem), and to promise a future ruler from Bethlehem who will bring lasting peace.

Key Message

God has told you what is good: do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly with your God - no amount of religious performance substitutes for this.

Book Structure

1
Judgment on Samaria and Jerusalem Ch. 1-3
2
Future Restoration and the Coming Ruler Ch. 4-5
3
The Covenant Lawsuit and Final Hope Ch. 6-7

Interesting Facts

1

Micah 5:2 - But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah... out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel - one of the most specific messianic prophecies.

2

Micah 6:8 is considered one of the greatest ethical summaries in all of Scripture: Do justice, love kindness, walk humbly with your God.

3

Micah's prophecy that Zion would become a plowing field (3:12) is quoted in Jeremiah 26:18 - 100 years later - to save Jeremiah's life.

4

Micah was the first prophet to specifically predict the destruction of Jerusalem and its temple.

Old Testament Connections

Isaiah 2:2-4 - Identical passage to Micah 4:1-3 about nations streaming to the mountain of God
Deuteronomy 10:17-19 - Micah's social justice demands echo Deuteronomy's care for the vulnerable

New Testament Connections

Matthew 2:6 - The chief priests quote Micah 5:2 when telling Herod where the Messiah would be born
John 7:42 - The crowd argues that Messiah comes from Bethlehem, referencing Micah 5:2