Old Testament Wisdom / Poetry circa 950-700 BC
Introduction

About Proverbs

The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom - all of life's complexity is navigated successfully when God is at the center of every decision and relationship.

WisdomKnowledgeUnderstandingRighteousness

Written

circa 950-700 BC

Author

Solomon and others

Genre

Wisdom / Poetry

Position

20th of 66 books - Wisdom Literature / Poetry

Authorship

Primarily by Solomon (chs. 1-29), with additional contributions from Agur son of Jakeh (ch. 30) and King Lemuel's mother (ch. 31). Solomon is credited with 3,000 proverbs and 1,005 songs (1 Kgs 4:32).

Historical Context

The wisdom tradition flourished especially during Solomon's reign (c. 971-931 BC) when international trade and diplomacy brought contact with Egypt and Mesopotamian wisdom schools. Later editors (Hezekiah's men, ch. 25:1) collected additional Solomonic proverbs around 700 BC.

Purpose

To pass down practical wisdom for daily life - covering work, family, speech, money, relationships, and character - all grounded in the foundational principle that wisdom begins with reverent trust in God.

Key Message

The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom - all of life's complexity is navigated successfully when God is at the center of every decision and relationship.

Book Structure

1
The Call to Wisdom: Father to Son Ch. 1-9
2
Solomon's Proverbs (Collection I) Ch. 10-22
3
Words of the Wise and More Proverbs of Solomon Ch. 22-29
4
Words of Agur and Lemuel Ch. 30-31

Interesting Facts

1

Proverbs 31:10-31 - the famous description of a virtuous woman - is an acrostic poem in Hebrew, with each verse beginning with a successive letter of the alphabet.

2

The fear of the LORD appears 14 times in Proverbs - it is the book's organizing theological principle.

3

Wisdom in Proverbs 8 speaks in the first person about being present at creation - a passage rich with messianic overtones.

4

Proverbs is the most practical book in the Bible, addressing money, marriage, laziness, friendship, anger, and speech in concrete memorable ways.

Old Testament Connections

Deuteronomy 4:6 - Keeping God's statutes is described as wisdom in the sight of the nations
Genesis 1-2 - Wisdom's role in creation (Prov 8:22-31) connects wisdom to the Creator God of Genesis

New Testament Connections

James 1:5 - If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God directly echoes the invitation of Proverbs
John 1:1-3 - The Logos (Word) carries many attributes of personified Wisdom in Proverbs 8
Matthew 7:24 - Building a house on the rock echoes Proverbs' contrast between the wise and foolish builder