Old Testament Prophecy circa 640-622 BC
Introduction

About Zephaniah

The Day of the LORD is near and terrible - seek the LORD, seek righteousness and humility, and find shelter in the God who rejoices over you with singing.

Day of the LordJudgmentRestorationRemnant

Written

circa 640-622 BC

Author

Zephaniah

Genre

Prophecy

Position

36th of 66 books - Minor Prophets

Authorship

Zephaniah, who traces his genealogy back four generations to Hezekiah - making him possibly the only prophet of royal blood. He ministered during the early years of Josiah's reign before the king's great reformation.

Historical Context

Judah under Josiah's early reign was still deeply polluted by Manasseh's 55 years of extreme apostasy. Zephaniah's fierce warnings may have contributed to Josiah's reformation.

Purpose

To announce the coming Day of the LORD as total judgment on Judah and the nations, and to call for humility and seeking God before the day arrives - promising a restored remnant and God's rejoicing over his people.

Key Message

The Day of the LORD is near and terrible - seek the LORD, seek righteousness and humility, and find shelter in the God who rejoices over you with singing.

Book Structure

1
The Day of the LORD: Universal Judgment Ch. 1
2
Call to Repentance and Oracles against Nations Ch. 2
3
Jerusalem's Guilt and Future Restoration Ch. 3

Interesting Facts

1

Zephaniah 3:17 - He will rejoice over you with gladness... he will exult over you with loud singing - is one of the most tender divine love expressions in the OT.

2

The Latin phrase Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) - used in Mozart's Requiem - is based on Zephaniah 1:14-16.

3

Zephaniah 3:9 - I will give to the peoples a pure language - is often seen as the reversal of the Babel confusion in Genesis 11.

Old Testament Connections

Deuteronomy 4:29 - Seek the LORD is the foundational command Zephaniah repeats in 2:3
Isaiah 2:12 - The Day of the LORD against all that is proud parallels Zephaniah 1's universal scope

New Testament Connections

Luke 1:28 - Rejoice, highly favored one echoes Zephaniah 3:14-17's call to daughter Zion to rejoice
Romans 2:5 - Paul's day of wrath language draws on the prophetic tradition Zephaniah represents