Old Testament Prophecy / Disputation circa 450-400 BC
Introduction

About Malachi

God's love for his people is unchanged, but he will not be mocked - half-hearted worship and covenant unfaithfulness will be purified by the coming day of the LORD.

FaithfulnessTithingElijahDay of the Lord

Written

circa 450-400 BC

Author

Malachi

Genre

Prophecy / Disputation

Position

39th of 66 books - Final book of the OT Minor Prophets

Authorship

Malachi - meaning my messenger - may be a title rather than a proper name. He was the last of the canonical prophets, ministering to the post-exilic community in Jerusalem during the same general period as Ezra and Nehemiah.

Historical Context

Written after the return from exile, when the initial enthusiasm had faded. The rebuilt temple stood but worship was perfunctory; priests offered blemished animals; people were divorcing their Jewish wives; tithes were withheld; and people questioned whether serving God was worthwhile.

Purpose

To confront a spiritually complacent post-exilic community with God's unchanged love and standards - and to close the OT with a promise of Elijah before the great Day.

Key Message

God's love for his people is unchanged, but he will not be mocked - half-hearted worship and covenant unfaithfulness will be purified by the coming day of the LORD.

Book Structure

1
God's Love and Israel's Response Ch. 1:1-5
2
Corrupt Priesthood and Defiled Worship Ch. 1:6-2:9
3
Divorce, Faithlessness, and Social Injustice Ch. 2:10-16
4
The Coming Messenger and Purifying Fire Ch. 2:17-4:6

Interesting Facts

1

Malachi is the last prophetic voice in the OT - after him comes 400 years of prophetic silence before John the Baptist.

2

Malachi 3:1 - See, I send my messenger who will prepare the way before me - is fulfilled in John the Baptist (Matt 11:10).

3

Malachi 4:5-6 - Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and awesome day of the LORD - creates the expectation Jesus confirms is John the Baptist (Matt 17:12).

4

Malachi 3:10 is the only place in Scripture where God invites being tested: bring the full tithe... and see if I will not open the windows of heaven.

Old Testament Connections

Deuteronomy 26 - The tithing laws Malachi references come from Deuteronomy
Numbers 25 - Phinehas's zeal mentioned in Malachi 2:5 refers back to Numbers

New Testament Connections

Matthew 11:10 - Jesus applies Malachi 3:1 to John the Baptist
Matthew 17:11-12 - Jesus confirms that Elijah (Mal 4:5) has come in the person of John the Baptist
Mark 1:2 - Mark opens his gospel by quoting Malachi 3:1 as the fulfillment of John the Baptist's ministry