New Testament Epistle / Theology circa AD 56-57
Introduction

About Romans

God's righteousness is revealed in the gospel: all have sinned, all can be justified by faith in Christ, and in Christ God is making all things new - Jew and Gentile together.

SalvationRighteousnessGraceFaith

Written

circa AD 56-57

Author

Paul

Genre

Epistle / Theology

Position

6th NT book - First of Paul's Letters

Authorship

The Apostle Paul, written from Corinth during his third missionary journey, likely dictated to Tertius (Rom 16:22) while being hosted by Gaius (16:23). Romans is Paul's most systematic theological letter.

Historical Context

Paul had not yet visited Rome but planned to do so on his way to Spain. The Roman church had both Jewish and Gentile members with tensions between them. Paul wrote Romans as a comprehensive statement of his gospel.

Purpose

To present the complete gospel of God's righteousness - showing that all are under sin, all are justified by faith in Christ, all are sanctified by the Spirit, and all (Jew and Gentile) are included in God's plan.

Key Message

God's righteousness is revealed in the gospel: all have sinned, all can be justified by faith in Christ, and in Christ God is making all things new - Jew and Gentile together.

Book Structure

1
Universal Sin: All Under Judgment Ch. 1-3
2
Justification by Faith: Abraham and Adam Ch. 4-5
3
Sanctification: Death to Sin, Life in the Spirit Ch. 6-8
4
Israel and the Gentiles in God's Plan Ch. 9-11
5
The Christian Life in Practice Ch. 12-16

Interesting Facts

1

Romans 8 - considered by many the greatest chapter in the NT - contains the famous nothing can separate us from the love of God declaration.

2

Augustine's reading of Romans 13:13-14 in a garden in Milan in AD 386 converted him - changing the course of Western civilization.

3

Martin Luther's reading of the righteous shall live by faith (Rom 1:17) sparked the Protestant Reformation.

4

Romans 5:8 - God demonstrates his own love for us in this: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us - is the gospel in one sentence.

Old Testament Connections

Genesis 15:6 - Abraham believed God and it was credited to him as righteousness is the foundation of Romans 4
Habakkuk 2:4 - The righteous shall live by faith is the thesis of the entire letter (Rom 1:17)

New Testament Connections

Galatians 3 - Develops the same faith/works argument from a different pastoral angle
James 2 - Often contrasted with Romans on faith and works, but addressing complementary concerns