Old Testament Narrative / Short Story circa 1050-950 BC
Introduction

About Ruth

Loyal love (hesed) is the heartbeat of covenant community - and God works through ordinary acts of faithfulness to accomplish his extraordinary purposes.

LoyaltyRedemptionProvidenceKindness

Written

circa 1050-950 BC

Author

Unknown

Genre

Narrative / Short Story

Position

8th of 66 books - Historical Books

Authorship

Author unknown; Jewish tradition suggests Samuel. The book's elegant Hebrew prose and careful structure suggest a skilled literary artist. The story is set during the Judges period but written from a later, reflective vantage point.

Historical Context

Set during the period of the judges - a dark era of faithlessness in Israel. Ruth provides a bright counterpoint: a story of loyalty, kindness (hesed), and faithful covenant living in an ordinary family.

Purpose

To demonstrate God's providential care through ordinary acts of loyalty and kindness, to show that Gentiles can be included in God's covenant people through faith, and to trace the genealogy leading to David and ultimately Christ.

Key Message

Loyal love (hesed) is the heartbeat of covenant community - and God works through ordinary acts of faithfulness to accomplish his extraordinary purposes.

Book Structure

1
Naomi Loses Everything in Moab Ch. 1
2
Ruth's Faithfulness and Gleaning in Boaz's Field Ch. 2
3
Ruth's Bold Request at the Threshing Floor Ch. 3
4
Boaz Redeems Ruth - Marriage and Genealogy Ch. 4

Interesting Facts

1

Ruth's declaration of loyalty to Naomi (1:16-17) is one of the most beautiful expressions of devotion in all of literature.

2

Ruth was a Moabite - a people forbidden in the assembly of Israel for ten generations (Deut 23:3). Her inclusion is a striking act of grace.

3

Boaz as kinsman-redeemer (go'el) is one of the clearest OT types of Christ's redemptive role.

4

The book of Ruth is one of only two biblical books named after a woman (the other is Esther).

5

Ruth appears in the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1:5 - a Gentile woman in the messianic line.

Old Testament Connections

Deuteronomy 25:5-10 - The kinsman-redeemer law that Boaz fulfills comes from Mosaic legislation
Leviticus 19:9-10 - The gleaning laws that protect Ruth come from Leviticus
Genesis 38 - Tamar, another foreign woman in the messianic line, establishes a parallel pattern

New Testament Connections

Matthew 1:5 - Ruth appears in Jesus's genealogy alongside Rahab, Tamar, and Bathsheba
Ephesians 2:12-13 - Gentiles brought near through faith echoes Ruth's inclusion in the covenant community