Old Testament Prophecy / Apocalyptic circa 520-480 BC
Introduction

About Zechariah

God is jealous for Jerusalem and will return to dwell there - the suffering Messiah who enters on a donkey and is pierced will ultimately reign as King over all the earth.

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Written

circa 520-480 BC

Author

Zechariah

Genre

Prophecy / Apocalyptic

Position

38th of 66 books - Minor Prophets

Authorship

Zechariah son of Berechiah son of Iddo, a priest who also functioned as a prophet - ministering alongside Haggai to encourage the temple rebuilding. Chapters 9-14 may be from a later period of Zechariah's own ministry.

Historical Context

Contemporary with Haggai (520 BC), Zechariah ministered during the rebuilding of the second temple. The eight night visions in chapters 1-6 provided cosmic reassurance that God was at work behind the scenes of a discouraged community.

Purpose

To encourage the post-exilic community by revealing God's heavenly perspective on their restoration - and to provide the richest OT deposit of messianic prophecy outside of Isaiah.

Key Message

God is jealous for Jerusalem and will return to dwell there - the suffering Messiah who enters on a donkey and is pierced will ultimately reign as King over all the earth.

Book Structure

1
Eight Night Visions of Encouragement Ch. 1-6
2
Questions about Fasting and Covenant Faithfulness Ch. 7-8
3
The Coming King and Shepherd Ch. 9-14

Interesting Facts

1

Zechariah 9:9 - Your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey - is fulfilled in Jesus's triumphal entry (Matt 21:5).

2

Zechariah 12:10 - They will look on me, the one they have pierced - is quoted in John 19:37 at the crucifixion.

3

Zechariah 11:12-13 - 30 pieces of silver thrown into the potter's field - is applied to Judas's betrayal in Matthew 27:9.

4

Zechariah is the most quoted Minor Prophet in the NT Passion narratives.

Old Testament Connections

Ezekiel 37 - The valley of dry bones parallels Zechariah's promises of national restoration
Isaiah 52-53 - The Suffering Servant and Zechariah's pierced shepherd are parallel messianic portraits

New Testament Connections

Matthew 21:5 - The triumphal entry fulfills Zechariah 9:9
Matthew 26:31 - Strike the shepherd and the sheep will scatter fulfills Zechariah 13:7
John 19:37 - The piercing at the crucifixion fulfills Zechariah 12:10
Revelation 1:7 - Every eye will see him, even those who pierced him quotes Zechariah 12:10